Abstract Westerholm, I. (2011). Gravidas hälsovanor. Hälsopedagogiska programmet. Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, Högskolan i Gävle.This study aimed to investigate whether Pregnant women change their health habits following recommendations and, if so, find out where they get this information from.

Pregnant workers are considered at risk in the labor market and therefore need extra protection from employment discrimination . The purpose of this essay is to investigate what protection of pregnant workers against discrimination in employment situations and  if  there  is  no  corresponding  protection  for  female  workers  claim  the  right  to parental leave.The essay describes the national and EU rules on applications and practice, showing how Pregnant women and workers on parental leave are treated in the labor market. Through Sweden's accession to the EU , we must apply the requirements nationally EU imposes on its member countries.The essay shows that pregnant employees have a strong legal protection from discrimination in employment , from both DL and by EU directives . Employers who deny workers employment because of pregnancy is guilty of direct discrimination on grounds of sex, because it is only women who may become pregnant. It is not important whether it is a temporary or permanent position .

The subject of this bachelor thesis is discrimination and unfair treatment in the employment process where employers discriminate against job applicants. The purpose of this study and research questions is to investigate and clarify the legal protection available against discrimination and unfair treatment of Pregnant women and persons on parental leave during the employment process and how this protection differs between men and women. This thesis highlights the Swedish law and EU law regarding discrimination and unfair treatment of individuals. The concept of discrimination and its requisites will be accounted for and exemplified by case law. This statement will be analyzed along with the relevant case law of the EU-court and the Labor-court.

In our time we can easily get information about pregnancy from books and magazines of thesubject. Mothers to be can also publish their own diaries at the Internet, so anyone can readabout their personal experience of being pregnant. All this information gives Pregnant womenideas of what they can expect to experience during the pregnancy. This made me think aboutwhat kind of image, women in the past, did get from literature that described pregnancy.The purpose of this study was to examine how pregnancy and Pregnant women has beendescribed in literature during the period 1940-1980. I have used various kinds of books aboutpregnancy released in: 1943, 1948, 1955, 1965,1969,1972, 1977, 1981.

The purpose of this study was to compare the body posture among a group of women who recently have given birth (subjects) and a group of women who never have been pregnant (controls). The comparison was done between the two groups using the Comprehensive Body Examination (CBE) according to Bunkan. In the study participated 24 women, 12 who recently have given birth and 12 who never have been pregnant. The results showed that the body posture differed between the two groups. The subjects differed more from satisfactory jointpositions than the controls.

ABSTRACTOverweight and obesity is an increasing problem worldwide although high-income countries take a leed. High BMI during pregnancy and delivery constitute to many risks for both the mother and her outcome. Intervention programmes with the purpose to get the Pregnant women to eat healthier and to excercise more are now working out in many different shapes. The effect of these activities varies. The aim of this study was to investigate if interventions during pregnancy, with women who?s BMI are 25 or more, affects health of the mother and her expected child, delivery outcome and self estimated health.

The use of transrectal ultrasonography of the uterus is a fairly new method for early pregnancy diagnosis. In the present study 40 cows and 10 heifers were examined 16, 19, 22 and 25 days after artificial insemination to decide on what day an accurate pregnancy diagnosis could be made under field conditions. A 5 and 7,5 MHz transducer were used in all examinations in order to determine wheter one of them was better for the present purpose. The animals were also examined for clinical signs of oestrus. The results shows that an accurate pregnancy diagnosis "not pregnant" was easier to make on day 22 than on day 25 since most of the not pregnant cows then were in heat.

ABSTRACTA defect implantation process is the major reason for unexplained infertility. Estrogen andprogesterone are steroid hormones preparing the endometrium for implantation. They mediatetheir effect through their receptors: estrogen receptor alpha and beta and progesteronereceptor A and B, respectively. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is also important forimplantation, mediates its effect through LIF receptor and the coreceptor, gp130, and is downregulated by suppressors of cytokine signaling 1. The aim of the study was to compare thelevels of the steroid hormone receptors and LIF related factors in the endometrium of twogroups of women with the diagnosis unexplained infertility: one that became pregnant afterassisted reproduction and one that did not become pregnant.

The main purpose of this stydy was to evaluate the Aurora clinic (for women afraid of birth/delivery) in the south of Sweden. Questionnaires were sent to 197 women who had contact with the Aurora clinic during 2007 and 2008. The group of participants contained both Pregnant women and women who have given birth. A total of 136 women replied. The results showed that both the average age and the level of education of the women were high.

The main purpose of this stydy was to evaluate the Aurora clinic (for women afraid of birth/delivery) in the south of Sweden. Questionnaires were sent to 197 women who had contact with the Aurora clinic during 2007 and 2008. The group of participants contained both Pregnant women and women who have given birth. A total of 136 women replied. The results showed that both the average age and the level of education of the women were high.

Sweden adopted a new anti-discrimination legislation 2009, DiskL, which aim to prevent direct and indirect discrimination in matters of employment and occupation.According to directives and practices from EU, pregnant workers are entitled a special protection from discrimination during employment situations. The purpose of this essay is to study the legal protection for pregnant workers in employment situations and also analyze whether male workers have similar protection when they plan parental leave. Both regulations from the EU-law and the Swedish law are presented and discussed. This because Swedish discrimination legislation is largely influenced by the EU-law.The study confirms that pregnant workers have a strong legal protection against discrimination through directives from the EU and DiskL. Employers must include this protection in employment situations.

The aim with my study is to highlight, illuminate and examine the social and maternal health care motivational work of Pregnant women with a risk or abuse of alcohol and / or drugs, and what actions can be considered for these women. In addition, the aim is to explore how social services and maternity care might interact in this type of case. The aim is to convey the subjective experience of each of the interviewees. For the purposes of this study, I have chosen to use the qualitative research method. I have interviewed social workers in individual and family care, and midwives.

Background: Miscarriage is a common phenomenon in our society. It is reported that approximately 17 % of all Pregnant women in Sweden go through a miscarriage every year. For many women miscarriage is a tumultuous life event that often has a deep emotional impact. Miscarriage is a subject that often is prohibited to talk about in our western society. Consequently this means that nurses have an important role in the emotional support for these women.

The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of howsocial contacts can serve as information sources for pregnantwomen. Furthermore, we wanted to examine how women?scontext influences their information seeking and the barriers thatcan occur during information seeking. The theoretical frameworkis founded on Tom Wilson's model of information needs as contextdependent, and Pamela J. McKenzie's model of informationpractices in accounts of everyday-life information seeking.

Andelen gravida kvinnor med fetma som skrivs in i mödrahälsovården i Sverige har de sen-aste 20 åren mer än fördubblats. Fetma är förknippat med ökade risker för komplikationer både för kvinnan och barnet under graviditet och förlossning och om viktuppgången hos kvinnor med fetma kan begränsas under graviditeten kan dessa risker minskas. Det finns få studier som har beskrivit barnmorskornas erfarenheter av att arbeta med gravida kvinnor med fetma och hur de upplever att kunna erbjuda extra stöd till dessa kvinnor. I Göteborg finns det sedan 2011 på vissa barnmorskemottagningar möjlighet att inom projektet VIKTiga mammor erbjuda gravida kvinnor med fetma extra stöd. Syfte: Att beskriva barnmorskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med gravida kvinnor med fetma, dels generellt och dels inom projektet VIKTiga mammors interventionsdel.